Abstract
The growing need for a consistent and densified GNSS position and velocity solution for the Nordic and Baltic countries resulted in development of the joint GNSS Analysis Centre of the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) in 2012. We first developed the methods of the operational processing and combination of solutions and then reprocessed the full data history between 1997 and 2017. In this study, we present an ITRF2014 densification for the area including 252 stations having more than 3 years of data. We combined all 20 years of daily solutions with full covariance matrices instead of station-wise analysis and analyzed the noise characteristics of the residual time series. We concluded that the flicker plus white noise uncertainty estimates were more robust than the general power-law estimates. Additionally, we found significant horizontal velocity differences at the co-located stations, pointing out biases not included in the formal uncertainties. The solution is more accurate and denser than any previous estimate, and it will be of great benefit for maintaining the reference frames in the Nordic and Baltic countries, as well as for the geodynamic studies in the area.
Highlights
GNSS velocity fields have been derived from position time series shortly after the beginning of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) era, especially after continuous recordings were started at permanent stations
The first GNSS-derived velocities have been estimated under the Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound, Sea-level, and Tectonics (BIFROST) project (Scherneck et al 1998) and regularly updated every few years
We describe the results of the noise analysis of residual time series and present the final uncertainties
Summary
GNSS velocity fields have been derived from position time series shortly after the beginning of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) era, especially after continuous recordings were started at permanent stations. Reprocessing of the historic data has been carried out in many projects to take advantage of improved orbit and clock parameters, models, and methods. Kierulf et al (2014) published the latest and partly densified solutions compared to the original BIFROST network (Lidberg et al 2010). The first GNSS-derived velocities have been estimated under the Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound, Sea-level, and Tectonics (BIFROST) project (Scherneck et al 1998) and regularly updated every few years.
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