Dengue Infection, its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccination: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Dengue infection is a significant public health issue globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, and is caused by a virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It can range from mild fever to severe forms, such as hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, with high mortality rates. Management involves supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications, while early detection and prompt management of symptoms can significantly reduce the risk of severe forms of the disease. A dengue vaccine has been developed, with several vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The vaccine has shown promising results in preventing dengue infection and reducing the severity of the disease. Preventing dengue infection requires a multifaceted approach, including reducing mosquito breeding sites, controlling mosquito populations, and educating the public on prevention measures. Vector control measures, such as the use of insecticides and larvicides, have been effective in reducing mosquito populations, but their sustainability remains a challenge. The development of an effective and safe dengue vaccine is urgently needed, with ongoing research efforts aiming to develop a vaccine that is safe and effective for all age groups and provides broad protection against all serotypes. Limitations of the study include the potential lack of consideration of regional variations in dengue epidemiology and control measures, and the absence of a detailed analysis of the economic and social impacts of dengue infection on affected populations. In conclusion, continued investment in research and development of effective prevention and treatment strategies is crucial to combat this disease and reduce its impact on affected populations.