Abstract
Shrinkage porosity or volume deficiency in ductile iron castings manifests itself in many different physical shapes and sizes. The terminology used to describe the various forms of shrinkage confuses operating personnel when they try to solve the problems. There is also confusion as to the use of thermal analysis events in estimating the carbon equivalent. Irons with wide range of chemistry may solidify as eutectic. To maximize the potential of ductile iron and to produce castings with consistent high quality, it is essential to understand the fundamental nature of ductile iron solidification and use appropriate process controls. In this paper, an attempt is made to interpret various kinds of shrinkage porosity occurrences and make sense of process variables that may be contributing to them.
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