Demonstration that Newtonian gravity moves at the speed of light and not instantaneously (infinite speed) as thought!

Espen Gaarder Haug

doi:10.1088/2399-6528/abe4c8

Abstract

In this paper, we will demonstrate, based on reasoning as well as mathematical evidence and experimental observations, why Newtonian gravity moves at the speed of light and is not, as previously thought, instantaneous. The misunderstanding that Newtonian gravity is instantaneous has constrained our progress in understanding gravity to its full extent. We will show that all of Newton’s gravitational phenomena contain the Planck length and the speed of gravity; this speed of gravity is identical to the speed of light. A series of gravitational phenomena that are considered to be non-Newtonian and most often explained by the theory of general relativity actually contain no information about the speed of gravity. However, all observable gravitational phenomena which we will look at here can be predicted from the Planck length and the speed of gravity alone, and we can easily extract both of them from gravitational phenomena with no knowledge of any physics constants. In addition, we can also measure the speed of light from electromagnetic phenomena and then extract the Planck length from any of Newton’s gravitational phenomena with no knowledge of G or .

Highlights

Today, Newton’s formula for gravitational force is well-known as: F = Mm G R2 (1)where G is Newton’s gravitational constant, M and m are two masses, and R is the distance center to center between the two masses
We have demonstrated that the speed of gravity, together with the Planck length, is embedded and hidden in Newtonian gravity
All observable gravitational phenomena that we have presented here can be predicted solely by two physical constants: lp and cg = c

Summary

Background

Where G is Newton’s gravitational constant, M and m are two masses, and R is the distance center to center between the two masses. If we need to predict it from standard gravity theory, where we already have calibrated and found G, we need to know the kg mass of the gravitational object and the speed of light In this context, it is worth noting that the Schwarzschild radius is not unique to general relativity theory. The speed of gravity that we can extract in this way is very close to the speed of light, only measurement errors potentially make it inexact

The Newton Gravity Constant Must be a Universal Composite Constant q

GRM2 qH cg lp R

Rethinking Newtonian Gravity and Returning to the Original Newton Formula

Standard Uncertainty in lp and G and their connection

Summary of Select Findings

10 Conclusion