Abstract
X-ray microscopy has been an active area of research for many years, but it is now beginning to emerge as a viable imaging tool for microbiologists and materials scientists. Several groups have developed x-ray microscopes of various types using synchrotron sources laser plasma sources, and x-ray lasers. The most productive systems have been the scanning transmission x-ray microscopes (STXM). Near diffraction limited performance can be achieved with such instruments. There are however no x-ray optics having sufficiently high numerical aperture (NA) to achieve resolution in depth that is comparable with the transverse resolution. Currently the best x-ray zone plates have a NA < 0.1 for radiation in the water window. The ratio of depth resolution to transverse resolution ∂l\∂t ≈ 2/NA > 20 for present state-of-the-art zone plates.In order to improve the depth resolution, it is necessary to effectively increase the NA of the imaging system. This can be done by recording several views of the object over a large angular range. If each of the views is taken with low NA optics such that the longitudinal extent of the object is less than the depth resolution of the imaging system, then each view will be a 2-D projection of the object.
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