Abstract
The first demonstration of electron-Bernstein-wave heating by double-mode conversion from the $O$ to the $X$ mode in an overdense $H$-mode tokamak plasma has been achieved in the Tokamak \`a Configuration Variable device. This technique overcomes the upper density limit experienced by conventional microwave heating. The sensitive dependence of the $O\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}X$ mode conversion on the microwave launching direction has been verified experimentally, and localized power deposition consistent with theoretical predictions has been observed at densities well above the conventional cutoff.
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