Demographic Variables and Emotional Labor of Public Sector School Leaders

Abstract

Emotional Labor theory of Hochschild, 1983 and Grandey, (2002, 2015 & 2017) provided as basis of current research that gives the regulation of emotions at workplace categorized the main two dimensions of EL as Surface Acting (SA) and Deep Acting level of the school leaders. Self developed Emotional Labor Measurement Scale for School Leaders (ELMS-SL) was used to measure the EL level of the public sector school leaders. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select the sample of 376 (male=194, 52% and females=182, 48%) school leaders working in public sector secondary schools of 19 district of Punjab province. The core objective of the research was to measure the EL level and contribution of demographic variables (gender, mode of job induction, marital status and work experience) towards the emotional regulation status through suppression of emotions and modification of feeling. To measure the EL level of public sector school leaders, data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, as well as t-tests, and ANOVA tests. The results revealed that public sector school leaders are practicing emotional labor. EL practices between male and female were significant difference, whereas mode of induction, marital status and job experience were found non-significant differences on EL.Key words: Emotional Labor, Surface Acting, Deep Acting, School Leaders, Demographic variables