Abstract
The study of human memory has progressed greatly beyond those early philosophical notions and currently involves clinical psychiatry, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neurology, and a variety of other cognitive sciences. These have provided new insights into the human memory and managed to differentiate and isolate diverse structures and aspect of memory, such as immediate vs. long-term memory, procedural vs. declarative memory, retrieval vs. distortion of memory, and so forth.
Highlights
Locke’s publication "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" [1] may mark the first modern elaboration of the definition of the human mind as born without innate ideas so that any knowledge is determined only by experience: "Let us suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas; how comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from EXPERIENCE; in that all our knowledge is founded, and from that it derives itself" [1]
Locke's conception of memory is that of a white paper, or a 'storehouse' of ideas, so that human memory is defined as an internal mental process aimed to store perceptions, impressions, and ideas
A loss of cultural knowledge which was triggered by demographic changes is recorded in the Tasmanian study of Henrich [36], where the loss of particular kinds of skills and technologies was caused by relatively sudden reduction in the population
Summary
Locke’s publication "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" [1] may mark the first modern elaboration of the definition of the human mind as born without innate ideas so that any knowledge is determined only by experience: "Let us suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas; how comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from EXPERIENCE; in that all our knowledge is founded, and from that it derives itself" [1]. The study of human memory has progressed greatly beyond those early philosophical notions and currently involves clinical psychiatry, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neurology, and a variety of other cognitive sciences These have provided new insights into the human memory and managed to differentiate and isolate diverse structures and aspect of memory, such as immediate vs long-term memory, procedural vs declarative memory, retrieval vs distortion of memory, and so forth [2,3]. Basalt bifacial tools are used as the representative artifacts of Lower Palaeolithic cultural processes, through which questions of appearance and disappearance of technological skills can be addressed. These tools, which characterize pre-agricultural and agricultural societies, served in completely different tasks and are considered as food processors for grain-based economies (Figure 1) [19]
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