Abstract
Diagnostic tools used in detecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The present study was aimed to determine the demographic associations of diabetes status by both tests (FPG and HbA1C) in Galle district, Sri Lanka. 147 adults (30–60 years) who are having FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL underwent demographic evaluations and testing for HbA1C. Group 01 (diabetes status diagnosed by both tests) and group 2 (diabetes status diagnosed only by FPG) were compared using independant sample t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to study the association between the demographic factors and the diabetes status by both tests. Of the 147 study subjects, 38.1% were males, 61.9% were females, and 63.3% had a family history of diabetes among first-degree relatives (FDR). Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), FPG, and HbA1C of the participants were 48.4 ± 7.2 years, 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2, 88.8 ± 9.0 cm, 139.4 ± 30.1 mg/dL, and 6.4 ± 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes based on both tests was 55.1%. There is a significant difference in mean BMI and WC while no significant differences in mean age between groups 01 and 02. No association was seen between gender and diabetes status (X2(1) = 0.086, p=0.770), while a significant difference was observed between DM among FDR and diabetes status (X2(1) = 33.215, p < 0.001). Significance of odds of having diabetes by both tests with rising BMI (OR = 1.97, CI 1.15–3.36, p=0.013) and DM among FDR (OR = 7.95, CI 3.54–17.88, p=0.000) was seen. We conclude rising BMI and having DM among FDR are strongly associated with diabetes status diagnosed by both tests of FPG and HbA1C in community screening.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading metabolic disorder with rising incidence worldwide
Before drawing of blood samples, written consent was obtained from each participant. e individuals with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration ≥126 mg/dL and HbA1C ≥6.3% were considered as diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). e demographic data including age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and selfreported family history of diabetes among the first-degree relatives were obtained
Apart from the biochemical parameters used in the diagnosis of DM such as FPG, HbA1C, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), risk factors associated with diabetes are important in the screening for DM of patients
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading metabolic disorder with rising incidence worldwide. E IDF has estimated that 6.8–10.8% of the adult population is suffering from DM in the South-East Asian countries [1]. E prevalence of DM in Sri Lanka, a developing South Asian country, was 7.9% in 2016 [2]. According to the latest guidelines laid down by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the screening for DM should be performed in asymptomatic adults aging >45 years and repeated in every three years. Overweight individuals and those with risk factors for diabetes should be screened earlier than 45 years [3]
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