Abstract

The volatility of renewable energy sources (RES) poses a growing problem for operation of electricity grids. In contrary, the necessary decarbonisation of sectors such as heat supply and transport requires a rapid expansion of RES. Load management in the context of power-to-heat systems can help to simultaneously couple the electricity and heat sectors and stabilise the electricity grid, thus enabling a higher share of RES. In addition power-to-hydrogen offers the possibility of long-term energy storage options. Within this work, we present a novel optimization approach for heat pump operation with the aim to counteract the volatility and enable a higher usage of RES. For this purpose, a detailed simulation model of buildings and their energy supply systems is created, calibrated and validated based on a plus energy settlement. Subsequently, the potential of optimized operation is determined with regard to PV and small wind turbine self-consumption. In addition, the potential of seasonal hydrogen storage is examined. The results show, that on a daily basis a 33% reduction of electricity demand from grid is possible. However, the average optimization potential is reduced significantly by prediction inaccuracy. The addition of a hydrogen system for seasonal energy storage basically eliminates the carbon dioxide emissions of the cluster. However, this comes at high carbon dioxide prevention costs of 1.76€kg−1.

Highlights

  • In order to counteract climate change, energy supply systems in all relevant sectors need be decarbonized

  • The share was only 14% on the heat demand side [2]. To solve this problem sector coupling in the context of power-to-heat can present an important solution. This is underlined by the fact that it is predicted that heat pumps will gain more importance within future heat supply systems [3]

  • A visualization of the validation results for each model is shown in Figures A1 and A2

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Summary

Introduction

In order to counteract climate change, energy supply systems in all relevant sectors need be decarbonized. The problem thereby is that with regard to the share of RES there is a clear sector imbalance. The share was only 14% on the heat demand side [2] To solve this problem sector coupling in the context of power-to-heat can present an important solution. This is underlined by the fact that it is predicted that heat pumps will gain more importance within future heat supply systems [3]. In the near future, hydrogen-based systems (power-to-gas) will play an increasing role for the decarbonization of heat generation in the building sector, especially for existing buildings, where heat pumps are not always suitable

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