Abstract
• Scheduling of battery ESS and EV in the presence of multiple DG resources. • Analysing the impact of the proposed DR during the different operating nature of battery ESS and EV as uniform and converse operation respectively. • Evaluating the proposed DR program at its full potential for profit maximization. The efficient operation of available resources and the penetration of renewable resources into the existing power network require prior and proper scheduling. The potency of Demand Response (DR) relies on its capability to revise the load demand in accordance with the conditions of the grid. The proper implementation of a DR program can reduce the import cost of the consumer and reduces the peak load of the utility which will assist in the smooth operation. The appropriate Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a suitable DR program aid in managing the loads to maintain a balance in the demand–supply chain. The influence of extensive integration of Electric Vehicles (EV) into the system is inevitable which also demands a suitable scheduling scheme along with all the available resources. Renewable energy generation, energy storage systems with the inclusion of EVs, and the utilization of grid power are all planned using the real-time electricity tariff profile. The profit of the system is analyzed in the presence of multiple DG resources incorporating plug-in hybrid EV and ESS along with Demand Response (DR) under the converse (any one is charging while other is discharging) and uniform (either one is charging and the other is discharging) operation. The proposed DR approach is scalable and generalized, claiming to be suitable for huge-scale renewable energy integrated power systems as well. The proposed method is tested on IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems and the accomplished results are promising.
Published Version
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