Abstract
In this paper the delivery of high power Er:YAG laser pulses through a silica hollow core photonic crystal fibre is demonstrated. The Er:YAG wavelength of 2.94 µm is well beyond the normal transmittance of bulk silica but the unique hollow core guidance allows silica to guide in this regime. We have demonstrated for the first time the ability to deliver high energy pulses through an all-silica fibre at 2.94 µm. These silica fibres are mechanically and chemically robust, biocompatible and have low sensitivity to bending. A maximum pulse energy of 14 mJ at 2.94 µm was delivered through the fibre. This, to our knowledge, is the first time a silica hollow core photonic crystal fibre has been shown to transmit 2.94 μm laser light at a fluence exceeding the thresholds required for modification (e.g. cutting and drilling) of hard biological tissue. Consequently, laser delivery systems based on these fibres have the potential for the realization of novel, minimally-invasive surgical procedures.
Highlights
We have demonstrated for the first time the ability to deliver high energy pulses through an all-silica fibre at 2.94 μm
This, to our knowledge, is the first time a silica hollow core photonic crystal fibre has been shown to transmit 2.94 μm laser light at a fluence exceeding the thresholds required for modification of hard biological tissue
Laser delivery systems based on these fibres have the potential for the realization of novel, minimally-invasive surgical procedures
Summary
Er:YAG lasers operating at 2.94 μm are used for medical and surgical applications. Delivery of surgical laser light for use in the operating theatre is achieved using articulated arms [1]. There are a number of shortfalls of these systems, in particular misalignment issues, where the beam is slightly off-axis, resulting in beam wander as the arm is manipulated. Articulated arms restrict the movement of the surgeon and reduce the capabilities for endoscopic or minimally invasive procedures. A robust and flexible fibre delivery system would alleviate these problems and radically increase the usefulness of surgical lasers. The development of reliable fibres for this wavelength is challenging and the fibres which are available (both solid and hollow core) have significant drawbacks
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