Delimitação biofísica de sistemas ecológicos campestres no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil

Abstract

Different types of grasslands cover much of the Earth’s surface. At a closer look, these grasslands present unique and specific floristic and biophysical characteristics. Following an ecosystem approach, we propose a new regionalization of the grassland landscapes that correspond to two thirds of the surface of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The biophysical factors that control energy and water availability for living organisms are the basis of our analysis. The dominant macroclimate is humid subtropical, but at a meso-scale (1:250,000), additional constraints such as relief and soils modulate this availability. With the support of Geographic Information Systems it was possible to delimit ten grassland ecological systems based on the flora and its relationship to the respective biophysical characteristics as derived from elevation, slope, and soil data. Our analysis adds the currently available floristic data on grasslands to previously established vegetation maps of the same geopolitical territory. Therefore, we extend the hitherto limited understanding of the complexity of the grassland systems. The results add new knowledge to the regionalization of the grassland vegetation of southern Brazil. The proposed delimitation provides a framework for various purposes, such as ecological and biodiversity studies, conservation and mitigation strategies, and sustainable land use.