Delayed facilitation of motor cortical excitability following repetitive finger movements

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Objectives: To define motor cortical excitability changes occurring at various times after non-fatiguing bimanual exercise of the index fingers. Methods: Twenty healthy right-handed subjects were studied with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right non-dominant hemisphere. They performed regular (3–4/s) repetitive opening–closing bilateral movements of the index finger onto the thumb. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the left first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and rate of the repetitive finger movements were determined (1) before exercise, (2) immediately following 3 exercise periods of 30, 60 and 90 s, and (3) over a subsequent 30 min rest period. Results: Rate of movement did not show significant change during any of the exercise periods but did increase significantly when tested after 15 min of rest. MEPs immediately after 30 and 60 s of exercise were facilitated whereas MEPs after 90 s of exercise did not differ from baseline measures. MEP amplitudes were significantly increased after rest of approximately 15 min compared to the baseline MEPs. In contrast, motor potentials evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation were unchanged throughout the experimental test periods. Conclusions: Motor cortical excitability relating to an intrinsic finger muscle (FDI) was facilitated beginning 15 min after a brief period of non-forceful, repetitive activity of that muscle. This delayed facilitation of motor cortex after exercise may represent a form of short-term potentiation of motor cortical excitability.