Abstract
Failure analysis of laminated composite decks structures has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to the increased application of composite materials in a wide range of high-performance structures. Intensive experimental and theoretical studies of failure analysis and prediction are being reviewed. Delamination, the separation of two adjacent plies in composite laminates, represents one of the most critical failure modes in composite laminates. In fact, it is an essential issue in the evaluation of composite laminates for durability and damage tolerance. Thus, broken fibers, delaminated regions, cracks in the matrix material, as well as holes, foreign inclusions and small voids constitute material and structural imperfections that can exist in composite structures. Imperfections have always existed and their effect on the structural response of a system has been very significant in many cases. These imperfections can be classified into two broad categories: initial geometrical imperfections and material or constructional imperfections. Delamination is a critical failure mode in fiber-reinforced composite decks plates and beams. It may lead directly to through-thickness failure owing to interlaminar stresses caused by out of plane loading, curved or tapered geometry, or discontinuities owing to cracks, ply drops or free edges. Impact loading causes multiple delaminations, which can propagate in conjunction with sub laminate buckling, greatly reducing the residual compressive strength.
Highlights
Composites were first considered as structural materials a little more than three quarters of a century ago
Particulate composite materials: These are composed of particles encased within a tough matrix, e.g. powders or particles in a matrix like ceramics
The micromechanics approach is more convenient for the analysis of the composite material because it studies the volumetric percentages of the constituent materials for the desired lamina stiffnesses and strengths, i.e. the aim of micromechanics is to determine the moduli of elasticity and strength of a lamina in terms of the moduli of elasticity, and volumetric percentage of the fibers and the matrix
Summary
Composites were first considered as structural materials a little more than three quarters of a century ago. In modern materials engineering, the term usually refers to a matrix material that is reinforced with fibers. Where E is Young's modulus, σ b is the breaking stress, εb is the breaking strain, and ρ is the mass density These materials are not generally usable as fibers alone, and typically they are impregnated by a matrix material that acts to transfer loads to the fibers, and to protect the fibers from abrasion and environmental attack. Each lamina is fiber reinforced along a single direction, with adjacent layers usually having different filament orientations. For these reasons, composites are continuing to replace other materials used in structures such as conventional materials. Composites are the potential structural materials of the future as their cost continues to decrease due to the continuous improvements in production techniques and the expanding rate of sales
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