Abstract
Severe system degradations and bit error rate floors are observed in Gbit/s fibre transmission systems due to the interferometric conversion of laser phase noise to intensity noise by multiple reflections from connectors and splices. Studies of penalties as a function of both the magnitude and number of reflections indicate that fibre joints with guaranteed minimum return losses of better than 20dB may be required for high-speed direct detection systems as well as future coherent systems, even though optical isolators may be employed in such systems.
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