Abstract
The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.
Highlights
The feed is one of the factors that influence the growth of farmed fish
J. curcas seeds used in this study were obtained from the collection of the Laboratory of the Vegetable Oils University of Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM)
Amounted 10 kg of J. curcas seeds produced 5 kg kernel, pressed to produce the oil, and the residual pressed to shaped plates and dried with aerated for 1 d
Summary
The feed is one of the factors that influence the growth of farmed fish. Intensive cultivation relying on commercial feed. The primary source of vegetable protein feed is generally taken from soy flour, which has about 34.39 % protein content [3]. According to [7], that the cost of imported soybean in Indonesia about IDR 11 342 kg−1. The increase in soybean prices has resulted in an increased cost of commercial feed [8]. It is not followed by the value of fish, affecting the sustainability of fish farming in Indonesia. One alternative to reduce the use of soy flour that is to take advantage of other feed ingredients such as Jatropha curcas seed
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