Abstract
The O3/PMS system has appeared as an effective wastewater treatment method because of the simultaneous generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4•−). Many research achievements have been made on the degradation of micropollutants and the reaction mechanism of the O3/PMS system. However, an integral understanding of the O3/PMS system is lacking, which limits the development of safe and effective AOP-based water treatment schemes. Therefore, in this review, the degradation effects, toxicity changes, and reaction mechanisms of various micropollutants in the O3/PMS system are reviewed. The formation of oxidation by-products (OBPs) is an important issue that affects the practical application of O3/PMS systems. The formation mechanism and control methods of OBPs in the O3/PMS system are overviewed. In addition, the influence of different reaction conditions on the O3/PMS system are comprehensively evaluated. Finally, future research needs are proposed based on the limited understanding of O3/PMS systems in the degradation of micropollutants and formation of OBPs. Specifically, the formation rules of several kinds of OBPs during the O3/PMS system are not completely clear yet. Furthermore, pilot-scale research, the operational costs, sustainability, and general feasibility of the O3/PMS system also need to be studied. This review can offer a comprehensive assessment on the O3/PMS system to fill the knowledge gap and provide guidance for the future research and engineering applications of the O3/PMS system. Through this effort, the O3/PMS system can be better developed and turned towards practical applications.
Highlights
At present, the emergence of some pollutants pose a threat to water quality and safety, which has aroused widespread concern [1,2,3]
Sulfate radicals (SO4 − )-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received widespread attention owing to their strong oxidation ability, fast reaction rate, and wide applicability to contaminants in wastewater [4,5,6]
OH produced in the process of O3 decomposition is a non-selective strong oxidant (Equations (1) and (2)), which can rapidly react with various micropollutants at nearly diffusion-controlled rates, and the diffusion-controlled rate of
Summary
The emergence of some pollutants (such as drugs, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and other refractory organics) pose a threat to water quality and safety, which has aroused widespread concern [1,2,3]. The study of Andrés et al indicated that the O3 /PMS combination produced a synergistic effect in the inactivation of microorganisms [18] All these studies have shown that the O3 /PMS system has a very great application potential in water treatment. O3 -activated PMS enhanced the degradation of pCBA, proving that PMS had a similar effect as H2 O2 in promoting the generation of free radicals during ozonation [16]. The research by Yuan et al indicated that no radical activated PMS enhanced the degradation of pCBA, proving that PMS had a similar effect as H2O2 in promoting the generation of free radicals during ozonation [16]. Represents the fission position of O–O bond for the formation of sulfate radicals
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