Abstract
Although numerous experimental and analytical investigations on the environmental effects on basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bars were carried out, degradation of the basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bar in seawater and sea sand concrete environment has been insufficiently analyzed. This work presents two distinct numerical approaches, degradation rate–based approach and diffusion-based approach, to investigate the durability of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bars in seawater and sea sand concrete solution subjected to various temperatures (32°C, 40°C, 48°C, and 55°C). The degradation of the material was quantified using a simplified two-dimensional model of a homogenized basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bar in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Fickian diffusion provides basis for modeling diffusion-based approach. The findings from both the approaches suggested that the basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bar becomes more susceptible to degradation as the exposure temperature increases and results in greater geometrical deformities. The comparisons of experimental data, analytical solutions, and numerical results showcase that the present numerical models can predict the degradation of a basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bar in a seawater and sea sand concrete environment.
Highlights
By the end of this century, the world’s population would have increased by more than one-third (10.9 billion) of the current population (7.7 billion) as of 2019 World Population Prospects.[1]
This work investigated the degradation of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars subjected to an seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) environment by focusing more on geometrical deformities
A novel methodology using two numerical approaches, degradation rate–based and diffusion-based models, was proposed to quantify the degradation of BFRP bars subjected to SWSSC environment
Summary
By the end of this century, the world’s population would have increased by more than one-third (10.9 billion) of the current population (7.7 billion) as of 2019 World Population Prospects.[1]. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been widely used in various industrial fields as a competitive alternative to traditional materials, such as steel,[2,3] as it overcomes the pressing concern such as aging and deterioration of infrastructure due to corrosion of steel. Seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) can be a substitute for traditional concrete as the consumption of a tremendous amount of river sand and freshwater in concrete production has become a serious environmental concern.[4] the combination of FRP and SWSSC is preferred to steel and SWSSC as the sea sand contains a large amount of chloride ions.[5] These ions accelerate the corrosion of steel and result in the increase in maintenance costs and a decrease in the effective life of structures.[5] the FRP bars are susceptible to changes
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