Abstract
This study proposes a novel instantaneous total energy method to perform an activity analysis of ground fissures deformation, which is calculated by integrating the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method and kinetic energy based on the time-series displacement acquired by shape acceleration array (SAA) sensors. The proposed method is tested on the Xiwang Road fissure in Beijing, China. First, to fully monitor the hanging wall and footwall of the monitored ground fissure, a 4 m-long SAA in the vertical direction and an 8 m-long SAA in the horizontal direction were embedded in a ground fissure to obtain an accurate time-series displacement with an accuracy of ±1.5 mm/32 m and a displacement acquisition frequency of once an hour. Second, to improve the accuracy of the activity analysis, the ESMD method and Spearman’s rho are applied to perform signal denoising of the original time-series displacement obtained by the SAA sensors. Finally, the instantaneous total energy is obtained to analyze the activity of the monitored ground fissure. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is more reliable to reflect the activity of a monitored ground fissure compared to the time-series displacement.
Highlights
Ground fissures are a type of ground deformation that are dangerous because they can be concealed and cause direct damage to many types of engineering construction projects [1,2,3], such as linear engineering projects, water conservation facilities, and urban buildings
shape acceleration array (SAA) in the X and Y directions using the daily average displacement. An inspection of this figure highlights the following: (1) From the beginning of data acquisition to January 2016, there were no obvious changes in the displacement curves of each node in the X and Y directions of the 4 m-long SAA
The monitored ground fissure was considered stable during these periods of time
Summary
Ground fissures are a type of ground deformation that are dangerous because they can be concealed and cause direct damage to many types of engineering construction projects [1,2,3], such as linear engineering projects, water conservation facilities, and urban buildings. They can seriously restrict urban planning, the effective land use, the exploitation of underground water, and the development of underground space in cities [4]. Ground deformation monitoring technique that can provide high accuracy surface subsidence measurements at selected locations, Sensors 2019, 19, 2607; doi:10.3390/s19112607 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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