Abstract
A Current condition the trend of deforestation was decreasing in Indonesia. According to Minister of Environment and Forestry statement (January 29, 2018) the rationale was happened due to that the government released policy for keeping moratorium of estate oil palm concession permission, to implement law enforcement for illegal logging actors, to launch forest restoration program and conservation in protected forest and peat swamp land, and to invite participation of local people for social forestry (<i>Perhutanan Sosial</i>). There is close relation that deforestation issues affect on ecological damage and social resilience and eventually affect on poverty among local community who live in and around forest and people as well. As an illustration ecological damage for instance forest fire, flood, drought, soil erosion, extinction of biodiversity and so forth due to deforestation impact. On the other hand, deforestation eventually affect on social resilience and poverty was indicated more ten percent that marginalized society (<i>they categorized poor</i>) below average national income, no access to land utilization and lower education still high. As registered by National Bureau Statistic (BPS) in 2018 reached 9,82 percent and 10,12 percent in 2017 (total 23,8 million) from 268 million people. From this point of view, the paper focuses on discussion three level analysis to reply deforestation that eventually affect on social resilience. Firstly, is to examine government policy toward private sectors on moratorium of oil palm estate plantation and land conflict. Secondly is shifting cultivator changed into mining activities to respond forest degradation. Thirdly is to invite participation of local people and to carry out social forestry (<i>Perhutanan Sosial</i>) program which aims to promote their income and social welfare and to maintain the sustainability of forest ecosystem.
Highlights
Deforestation and changes in forest ecology have occurred in various regions in Indonesia
This paper examines the concept of 'social resilience' to see changes in forest ecology associated with people's lives
In 2010, these plantations produced 22 million tons of crude palm oil (CPO), by the end of 2011, CPO production had increased to 23.6 million tons [9] and rapidly increased to became 47.1 million tons of CPO in 2019
Summary
Deforestation and changes in forest ecology have occurred in various regions in Indonesia. Forest management that does not involve local communities has an impact on the extreme 'inequality' of income between migrants who work for private companies in the forestry sector. This condition occurred under the policies of the Soeharto Regime (New Order), which issued a policy of granting forest management rights (HPH) concessions in the late 1960s and 1980s and industrial plantation forests (HTI) in the late 1980s for private companies to supply raw materials for the forestry industry (sawmill, plywood, and pulp and paper) [1, 2]. The ecological impact is large, there is 'ecological damage', including deforestation, forest fires, air and environmental pollution, floods, soil erosion, illegal logging, and so on
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