Abstract
The availability of quantification methods for subcellular organelle dynamic analysis has increased rapidly over the last 20 years. The application of these techniques to contiguous subcellular structures that exhibit dynamic remodelling over a range of scales and orientations is challenging, as quantification of 'movement' rarely corresponds to traditional, qualitative classifications of types of organelle movement. The plant endoplasmic reticulum represents a particular challenge for dynamic quantification as it itself is an entirely contiguous organelle that is in a constant state of flux and gross remodelling, controlled by the actinomyosin cytoskeleton.
Highlights
The dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are complex and occur over a range of scales
The most commonly described form of ER movement is the gross structural remodelling first identified by Ridge et al, (1999) with the development of live-cell fluorescence imaging techniques.The ER undergoes rapid and extensive remodelling around a number of fixed nodes (Lin et al, 2014).This movement is largely abolished in the absence of a functional actinomyosin cytoskeleton (Ueda et al, 2010; Griffing et al, 2014; Hawes et al, 2015; Pain et al, 2019), though some Brownian/disorganized motion of ER junctions can be detected after pharmacological treatment with latrunculin B (Lat B), preventing polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton (Lin et al, 2017; Pain et al, 2019)
We propose a classification of ER movement that correlated more directly with the methodology used to characterize ER movement whereby we divide ER movement into four classes, each applying over a different scale (Fig. 2): (i) ER particle dynamics; (ii) ER remodelling; (iii) bulk flow; and (iv) inherent ER movement
Summary
The dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are complex and occur over a range of scales. The most commonly described form of ER movement is the gross structural remodelling first identified by Ridge et al, (1999) with the development of live-cell fluorescence imaging techniques.The ER undergoes rapid and extensive remodelling around a number of fixed nodes (Lin et al, 2014).This movement is largely abolished in the absence of a functional actinomyosin cytoskeleton (Ueda et al, 2010; Griffing et al, 2014; Hawes et al, 2015; Pain et al, 2019), though some Brownian/disorganized motion of ER junctions can be detected after pharmacological treatment with latrunculin B (Lat B), preventing polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton (Lin et al, 2017; Pain et al, 2019). We propose a classification of ER movement that correlated more directly with the methodology used to characterize ER movement whereby we divide ER movement into four classes, each applying over a different scale (Fig. 2): (i) ER particle dynamics; (ii) ER remodelling; (iii) bulk flow; and (iv) inherent ER movement
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