Defining Integration of Climate Adaptation Strategies into Slum Upgrading: A Literature Review.

Abstract

Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) no.11: make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable; the slum is the main target for this effort. All around the world, slums are becoming the only option for low-income communities to settle within city boundaries. This paper presents a literature review aimed to provide a more detailed understanding of knowledge related to the literature on two things, namely slum upgrading and climate change adaptation of Low-Income Communities (LIC), and also on its interrelations. The literature review uses a semi-systematic methodology, using the web of science search engines combined with google scholar. We use keywords such as slum upgrading, climate adaptation, and participatory. The search engine proposed 482 papers, 75 as data and 66 public access journal articles. Out of these numbers, we narrow down the perimeters of research scope to 71 linked to SDGs. However, only 11 are relevant to urbanized areas. This finding shows that not much literature regarding these interrelations is produced. This review explains assumed interrelationships that influence each other and exist between slum upgrading on urban riversides and forms of adaptation to climate change in urban areas. The definition of slum upgrading is an integrated and comprehensive intervention aimed to improve the physical characteristics of the environment and its inhabitants quality of life, divided into in-situ and ex-situ efforts. Climate adaptation is a process rather than a program or pattern of action by the LIC in dealing with climate change impacts comprehensively and substantially within the context of social and environmental. Their interrelations of the two themes are the physical and non-physical efforts, but also on the participatory levels. Participation determines the level of climate resiliency for the LIC. Based on the descriptions of theories related to the theme of this research, there are propositions for the field study as follows. (1) slum upgrading with adaptation sensitivity to climate change will ultimately increase the resilience of low-income communities to be more prepared to face climate change. (2) The specificity of land ownership status and cultural strength can enrich locality and social closeness. (3) The level of community participation in slum upgrading affects the climate resiliency level of the LIC.