Deficient by Design? Why Australia’s Ramsar Convention Implementation Deficits are Symptomatic of Outdated Treaty Reception Mechanisms

This article analyzes case law on implementation of the norms of international environmental agreements by the federal court of Irkutsk Region, Republic of Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai. The goal of this research is to determine the trends of application of international law regimes by the courts. The selected court rulings cover the period from 2017 to 2020. The authors came to the conclusion that the courts typically apply the provisions of the adopted in 1972 Convention on Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Most commonly used context of its implementation lies in determination of Baykal’s boundaries as the object of world heritage for the purpose of restricting land transferability. Such trend demonstrates strictly prohibitive character of perception of the Convention by law enforcement practice. At the same time, the system of protection of world heritage contains an extensive toolset for solution of environmental and socioeconomic tasks on the objects of world heritage. Practice of implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and Ramsar Convention (1971) is quite inconsiderable, which is the authors explain by the goals and tasks of these international agreements. Implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is predictably reduced to introduction of its provisions that determine the protected biological types. The research results can be used in assessing the efficiency of the regimes of international law with regards to protection of Lake Baikal.

Problems in formation of favorable environment cause search of more and more optimum decisions such as practice of preservation of ecosystems in specific territories and sites of natural heritage are the most significant. In this regard, the authors analyze some aspects of the activities of the Baltic Sea countries to preserve such territories. We pay special attention to the implementation of international conventions. They are the Ramsar Convention and the Convention on the protection of the world natural and cultural heritage. This article uses a statistical method of analyzing the data, which is presented in official sources. The main result of our research is identification of insufficient practical efforts of the Baltic States to preserve the natural heritage. The authors propose a number of actions aimed at strengthening of environmental protection in this region as an example of the Russian Federation.

The European Space Agency (ESA) is carrying out a number of initiatives aimed at exploring and demonstrating the capabilities of EO technology to support the implementation of key environmental conventions (e.g., UNFCCC, UNCCD, UNCBD, Ramsar Convention). This paper provides an overview of the main projects that the European Space Agency is carrying out within the context of this important topic as well as the

Arctic wetlands, an evaluation of progress towards implementation of the Ramsar convention on wetlands: 1978–2022

When implementation works: A comparison of Ramsar Convention implementation in different continents