Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges in the synthesis of solid-state materials is identifying the precise range of conditions under which a desired phase will be formed. In particular, the controlled synthesis of metastable crystalline materials is especially challenging as they are, by definition, thermodynamically unfavorable relative to other phases under typical experimental conditions. At the other extreme, amorphous materials represent a high-energy phase that can be readily formed through well-established experimental techniques such as high temperatures, ball milling, and electrochemical means. Work by Aykol et al.1 in 2018 has shown that amorphous materials represent an “upper thermodynamic limit” for the synthesis of metastable inorganic materials. In this talk, we will present electrochemically-driven amorphous-to-crystalline transformations as a controllable means to introduce composition modification in metal oxides to form high performance disordered rock salt negative electrodes.2–4 The second part of the talk includes our recent progress in operando electrochemical atomic force microscopic (EC-AFM) characterizations5,6 of the solid electrolyte interphases in carbonaceous electrode materials. References M. Aykol, S. S. Dwaraknath, W. Sun, and K. A. Persson, Science Advances, 4, eaaq0148 (2018) https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaq0148.H. Xiong et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 116, 3181–3187 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1021/jp210793u.H. Xiong et al., Phys Rev Lett, 110 (2013) ://WOS:000314870300013.P. Barnes et al., Nat. Mater., 21, 795–803 (2022) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-022-01242-0.H. Zhu et al., Small, 17, 2105292 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202105292.L. Tao et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 145, 16538–16547 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c03429.
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