Abstract
The glacier retreat observed during the last decades at Potter Cove (PC) causes an increasing amount of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column, which has a high impact on sessile filter feeder’ species at PC located at the West Antarctic Peninsula. SPM presents a highly-fluctuating dynamic pattern on a daily, monthly, seasonal, and interannual basis. Geostatistical interpolation techniques are widely used by default to generate reliable spatial information and thereby to improve the ecological understanding of environmental variables, which is often fundamental for guiding decision-makers and scientists. In this study, we compared the results of default and configured settings of three geostatistical algorithms (Simple Kriging, Ordinary Kriging, and Empirical Bayesian) and developed a performance index. In order to interpolate SPM data from the summer season 2010/2011 at PC, the best performance was obtained with Empirical Bayesian Kriging (standard mean = −0.001 and root mean square standardized = 0.995). It showed an excellent performance (performance index = 0.004), improving both evaluation parameters when radio and neighborhood were configured. About 69% of the models showed improved standard means when configured compared to the default settings following a here proposed guideline.
Highlights
Mean surface air temperature records show rapid warming, regionally variable, by approximately +0.5 ◦ C per decade at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) between the 1950s and the early 2000s [1,2]
High values or outliers (5.2–6.6 mg/L suspended particulate matter (SPM)) identified by the red polygon class surrounded by low values (0–2.71 mg/L SPM) appear in data without meltwater discharge points included near
Plume caused by glacial melting by applying geostatistical modeling in Potter Cove (PC) as a case study. With this geostatistical application to SPM concentration data in PC to achieve its spatial distribution of a normal summer day, we provide the baseline of the natural variability of this meteorological dependent variable by a homogeneous daily snapshot
Summary
Mean surface air temperature records show rapid warming, regionally variable, by approximately +0.5 ◦ C per decade at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) between the 1950s and the early 2000s [1,2]. Fluids 2020, 5, 235 consequence of glacial melt and erosion of sub- and proglacial regions are the surface plumes of suspended particulate matter (SPM) dispersing in the coastal and shelf systems [9,10,11,12]. All of these coastal processes shape fjordic ecosystems at the level of community composition [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] and species phenology down to the level of gene transcription [22,23,24]
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