Deer in the extreme north-east of Russia: Koryak ecotype (Rangifer Tarandus L.)

Abstract

Purpose: the study of economic and significant indicators of the Koryak ecotype of the northern deer.Materials and methods. The model for the study of the Koryak ecotype was the livestock of animals in agricultural enterprises for breeding the northern deer in the Kamchatka Peninsula during the stable development of the industry, with a total number of more than 125 thousand individuals. The entire number of deer was contained in 86 herds, on average in one herd, up to 1,400-1500 animals fell. Zootechnical information was taken from annual reports of deer farms. In the study of farms, indicators used in the reindeer husbandry industry were taken: the number of deer at the beginning of the year; the uterus in the structure of the herd (the number of important and heels in % to the total number of deer); offspring - received living calves at the end of the hotel per 100 uterus, %; DWT - a business exit of calves at the end of the year per 100 uterus, %; SVP - the safety of the adult number of deer at the end of the year, %; Production of meat in live weight, taking into account growth per 100 January deer, in C; Live weight of sexual age groups, kg.Results. The reindeer husbandry of the territory was distinguished by high quality indicators. The specific gravity of the uterus in the structure of the herd was maintained at 60 % and higher. The deer of this ecotype has good reproductive properties, on average at the end of the hotel there were more than 86 calves per 100 queens. The business yield of young animals at the end of the year on average ecotip was 80.6 % with fluctuations from 73 to 86.5 %, which confirms the high reproductive properties and viability of the young deer group of the northern deer. The safety indicator of the adult livestock at the end of the year was at the level of 93.9 % with fluctuations in individual populations from 90.4 % to 96.5 %. The production of meat in live weight, taking into account the growth of 100 deer according to individual scope, was flukes from 28 to 31.5 c, with an average ecotype value over 29.2 c. In terms of live weight of the Koryak ecotype deer, they exceeded the analogues of the sexual age groups of deer in the Chukotsk AO by 1.0-7.7 %, which confirms their high household chores. When crossing the deer of the Koryak ecotype and the Chukotka breed, a manifestation of heterosis was noted, since the estates significantly exceeded both initial parental forms in live weight, the preservation of the livestock, the business exit of young animals increased, and the production of meat increased. The identification of highly productive ecotypes and the creation on their basis of in -breed structures will increase the productivity of the northern deer.