Abstract
As the distribution center of Rosa in the world, China has abundant wild germplasm resources, which can contribute to the breeding of modern roses. To explore the potential value of wild roses distributed in the Sichuan–Tibet region, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Rosa willmottiae flowers at three flowering stages (bud stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage). Meanwhile, we compared the VOCs of R. willmottiae with different phenotypes (double flowers and single flowers). A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified. The results show that the essential substances belong to alcohols and terpenoids. The main volatile organic compounds are 2-phenyl ethanol (20.49%), benzyl alcohol (10.69%), β-maaliene (8.66%), geranyl acetate (8.47%), and (+)-α-long pinene (6.127%). Different flowering stages had great influence on the volatile profile, from the bud stage to full flowering stage; the content of terpenoids released decreased by 6.17%, whereas alcohols and esters increased by 8.58% and 11.56%, respectively. The chemical diversity and the content of the main components with a different phenotype were not significantly different. Our result will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Rosa willmottiae in Sichuan and Tibet.
Highlights
Fossil finds prove that the Rosa species existed on earth at least 40 million years ago [1].Rose is a common name given to the thorny shrubs and climbing vines of the genus Rosa in the Rosaceae family, which include about 200 known species of wild roses, mainly distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere [2]
A total of 74 volatile compounds were detected by using the solid phase microextraction (SPME) + GCMS (Table S1)
Richness by category and total content at different flowering stages are shown in Table S2; RW1 to RW3 is composed of 8–10 categories (Figure 1) and the total richness of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is (47 ± 2) species
Summary
Fossil finds prove that the Rosa species existed on earth at least 40 million years ago [1].Rose is a common name given to the thorny shrubs and climbing vines of the genus Rosa in the Rosaceae family, which include about 200 known species of wild roses, mainly distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere [2]. Rosa has been known since ancient times for its beautiful flowers and pleasant scent. Today, it is famous for its ornamental and aesthetic value in gardens, and for its applications as an essential oil resource in the perfume, chemical, and cosmetic industries [3,4,5]. Ten of the 15 important parents of modern roses come from China [8,9], which provided favorable conditions for cultivating garden roses [10,11] containing recurrent flowering, high central flower shape, and tea aroma characteristics and other excellent varieties. The first hybrid tea rose in the world, named ‘La France’, has a typical tea flavor which comes from one of the important parents, a Chinese R. odorata (‘Parks’ Yellow Tea-scented China’) [7,12]
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