Abstract
Damaged beta cells can lead to type 1 diabetes (T1D), which influences people worldwide. Individuals with T1D have higher risk of developing other cardiovascular disease although life-insulin injection is taken. However, the specific reasons which trigger the destruction of beta cells are still not fully understood. Researchers demonstrated the importance of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in T1D development. Tfh cells refer to a specific subpopulation of CD4+ T cells which normally express an upregulated C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5). The dysregulated Tfh cells can be widely found in T1D individuals, which could be caused by excessive antigen presenting process. Mutation of several gene are also shown to be associated with the abnormal Tfh cells. Furthermore, increasing Tfh cells can secret more interleukin-21 (IL-21) to recruit CD8+ lymphocyte to damage beta cells. Besides, antibodies producing function of B cells could also be enhanced by Tfh cells to accelerate T1D. In this project, the mechanism of Tfh involving in T1D will be explained in detail.
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