Abstract
Owing to a growing awareness toward environmental impact, the use of safer and eco-friendly solvents like deep eutectic solvents (DESs), has recently undergone important growth in the pharmaceutical field, with regard to their application as non-aqueous liquid administration vehicles, since they do not carry the same risks of toxicity and handling as traditional organic solvents. Major attention has been given to the development of advantageous transdermal drug delivery systems, because of their ease of use and better acceptability. Here, we report the use of two different DESs, based on choline chloride, used as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and ascorbic acid or propylene glycol, used as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), able to enhance the solubility and the topical delivery of dapsone, representing a class IV drug. The interactions between the DESs’ components and the drug were studied by performing DSC, FT-IR, and NMR analysis of the eutectic systems and the pure drug, confirming the establishment of H-bonds between the drug and the DESs’ components. Diffusion and permeability studies, carried out in a Franz cell, showed an increase in permeability, highlighting the great potential of DESs as dissolution and permeation enhancers in the development of novel and more effective drug delivery systems in topical administration.
Highlights
With the increasing environmental and human health concerns, over the past two decades, Green Chemistry has become a new standard embraced for the development of less dangerous materials and chemicals that are safer for both the environment and consumers [1]
Choline chloride was chosen as the hydrogen bond acceptor, while an organic acid, such as ascorbic acid, and a polyalcohol, like propylene glycol, were selected as hydrogen bonds donors
As an alternative to the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on the use of organic acid as a donor, we decided to study the possibility of using a DES composed of choline chloride and a polyol as a donor [39,40]
Summary
With the increasing environmental and human health concerns, over the past two decades, Green Chemistry has become a new standard embraced for the development of less dangerous materials and chemicals that are safer for both the environment and consumers [1]. There are obvious environmental hazards associated with solvents, being typically made of fossil resources and being flammable or toxic [3]. The greening of pharmaceutical industrial methodologies, whose aim is to search for new alternatives to replace polluting and hazardous solvents with safer ones, has received great interest in the scientific community [4]. One of the main challenges in drug manufacturing and development is to increase the permeability and bioavailability by enhancement of the solubility of poorly watersoluble drugs [5,6]. Most of the traditional organic solvents are not acceptable for pharmaceutical applications and present
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
