Abstract

METHODS: A cohort of 186 bladder cancer specimens (pTa: 90, pT1: 71, pT2-4: 25) from patients with muscle and non-muscle invasive disease on whom there is a minimum 3-year follow-up were included in the study. Additionally, 6 specimens of normal urothelium of the bladder were included in the study. The specimens were stained for galectin-8 using the tissue microarrays (TMA) and immunohistochemistry techniques. Each tissue specimen was assessed on a staining scale ranging between 0 (no staining) to 300 (strong staining). RESULTS: Marked decreases of galectin-8 expression was associated with an increase in tumor stage (p<0.0001). Thereby, normal bladder urothelium showed strong staining patterns compared

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