Decreased baroreflex sensitivity is associated with cardiometabolic risks and prehypertension status in early-postmenopausal women

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective We studied the link of decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) to cardiometabolic risks and prehypertension status in postmenopausal women during their early menopausal phase. Methods Premenopausal women (n = 55) and early-postmenopausal women (n = 50) of age group between 40 and 55 years were recruited for the study, and their anthropometric parameters, complete battery of autonomic function tests (AFT), BRS, hormone levels, and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured and compared between two groups. Correlation analysis of BRS with various physiological and biochemical parameters in these two groups were performed. Multiple regression analysis of BRS with various other associated factors in postmenopausal subjects and bivariate logistic regression analysis for assessing prediction of prehypertension status by BRS in postmenopausal group were performed. Results There was a significant difference in AFT and metabolic parameters between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Sympathovagal imbalance (increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic) was prominent in early-postmenopausal women. Decreased BRS, the marker of cardiovascular (CV) risk was found to be significant (P < .001) and correlated with various cardiometabolic parameters in early-postmenopausal subjects. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that decreased BRS is independently linked to parameters of decreased vagal activity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in early-postmenopausal group. Decreased BRS could predict prehypertension status in early-postmenopausal subjects as confirmed by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Sympathovagal imbalance, decreased BRS and considerable metabolic derangements were observed in women in their early phase of menopause. Decreased BRS appears to be associated with the cardiometabolic risks in these women. Prehypertension status in early-postmenopausal subjects could be predicted by decreased BRS.