Decoupling representation learning for imbalanced electroencephalography classification in rapid serial visual presentation task

Abstract

Objective. The class imbalance problem considerably restricts the performance of electroencephalography (EEG) classification in the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. Existing solutions typically employ re-balancing strategies (e.g. re-weighting and re-sampling) to alleviate the impact of class imbalance, which enhances the classifier learning of deep networks but unexpectedly damages the representative ability of the learned deep features as original distributions become distorted. Approach. In this study, a novel decoupling representation learning (DRL) model, has been proposed that separates the representation learning and classification processes to capture the discriminative feature of imbalanced RSVP EEG data while classifying it accurately. The representation learning process is responsible for learning universal patterns for the classification of all samples, while the classifier determines a better bounding for the target and non-target classes. Specifically, the representation learning process adopts a dual-branch architecture, which minimizes the contrastive loss to regularize the representation space. In addition, to learn more discriminative information from RSVP EEG data, a novel multi-granular information based extractor is designed to extract spatial-temporal information. Considering the class re-balancing strategies can significantly promote classifier learning, the classifier was trained with re-balanced EEG data while freezing the parameters of the representation learning process. Main results. To evaluate the proposed method, experiments were conducted on two public datasets and one self-conducted dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed DRL can achieve state-of-the-art performance for EEG classification in the RSVP task. Significance. This is the first study to focus on the class imbalance problem and propose a generic solution in the RSVP task. Furthermore, multi-granular data was explored to extract more complementary spatial-temporal information. The code is open-source and available at https://github.com/Tammie-Li/DRL.