Abstract
Brilliant green is a synthetic and toxic dye that is currently being utilized for various purposes, such as dying paper, leather, wool, and silk. The present study demonstrates the activated carbon preparation from waste banana peels as well as its usefulness to remove cationic dye brilliant green from aqueous medium. The dye removal was examined under a set of diverse conditions. The obtained results indicate that dye adsorption was maximum after 60 min of contact time. The removal of brilliant green dye enhances due to a rise in adsorbent dosage and becomes quantitative at 15 min of adsorbent dose. At a pH of 2, the uptake of dye by adsorbent was maximum, which decreases with the rise in pH. Langmuir isotherm was slightly better fitted than Freundlich model at varying temperatures. The experimental value of adsorption capacity was > 900 mg/g, which was observed quite close with pseudo-second-order model for brilliant green adsorption on the prepared adsorbent based on banana peel. Thermodynamic studies suggested exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable adsorption process for brilliant green dye. The adsorbent prepared in the present study can be incorporated for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with brilliant green as well as other toxic pollutants.
Highlights
In the modern era, dyes have substantially ravaged aquatic environments and human health
Brilliant green (4-((4-(diethyl amino)-alpha-phenyl benzylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene) diethyl ammonium sulfate), a synthetic dye which exists in cationic form with molecular formula C27H34N2O4S and molecular weight 482.63 g mol−1 was purchased from RANKEM
The maximum dye removal occurs during initial phase due to the availability of maximum sites which are active for dye sorption and as time increases the dye removal enhances slowly due to the lesser number of active sites left for adsorption (Jain et al 2018)
Summary
Dyes have substantially ravaged aquatic environments and human health. Applied Water Science (2022) 12:61 coagulation, floatation, bacterial degradation, oxidation, hyperfiltration, and adsorption to remove such toxic dye from the water bodies (Bhattacharyya et al 2017; Agarwal et al 2017; Sawant et al 2017). Sequestration of carbon from forest soils has been reported (Kumar et al 2021d). Among these methods, the advantage of adsorption is versatility, easy operation, and the application of low-cost materials. A few of the low-cost materials employed for adsorption are agricultural/fertilizer wastes or by-products, such as rice, husk, coffee, bean husk, crushed fruit wastes, such as banana pith, orange peel sugar cane bagasse, shale oil ash (Sawant et al 2017; Annadurai et al 2002; Namasivayam and Kavitha 2002; Mane et al 2007; Tavlieva et al 2013)
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