Removal of Brilliant Green dye from water by modified Bambusa Tulda: adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics study

Abstract

The present research is based on the removal of Brilliant Green dye from synthetic wastewater which is one of the emerging hazardous contaminant. Adsorption technology was used to remove Brilliant Green dye using sodium carbonate-treated Bambusa Tulda as bio-adsorbent to replace costly activated carbon. Initial experiment shows the best removal of Brilliant Green dye done by sodium carbonate-treated Bambusa Tulda as compared to hydrochloric acid-treated Bambusa Tulda and distilled washed Bambusa Tulda. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy diffractions and X-ray analysis were done to identify functional group, surface characteristic and elemental constituents of sodium carbonate-treated Bambusa Tulda. The adsorption parameters have direct influence onto sodium carbonate-treated Bambusa Tulda for Brilliant Green dye removal. Optimum removal (98%) of dye was obtained at equilibrium time 60 min at pH 7, adsorbent dose 10 g/l, rotation per minute 200 and 298 K. Experimental data were fitted into four isotherm models and Langmuir isotherm best fitted with maximum adsorption capacity = 41.67 mg/g. Kinetics rate data fit better in pseudo-second-order model. Activation energy was observed as 16.802 kJ/mole, and the adsorption was diffusion control process. The chemical oxygen demand values of Brilliant Green dye decreased from 136 to 72 mg/l after the adsorption of Brilliant Green with sodium carbonate-treated Bambusa Tulda. Thus, it can be concluded that sodium carbonate-treated Bambusa Tulda is an efficient adsorbent and an alternative to activated carbon for the removal of Brilliant Green dye from synthetic wastewater.