Abstract
We study the impact of a finite magnetic field on the deconfinement phase transition for heavy quarks by computing the fluctuations of the Polyakov loops. It is demonstrated that the explicit Z(3) breaking field increases with the magnetic field, leading to a decrease in the (pseudo) critical temperatures and a shrinking first-order region in the phase diagram. Phenomenological equations that capture the behaviors of the Z(3) breaking field at strong and weak magnetic fields for massive and massless quarks are given. Lastly, we explore the case of dynamical light quarks and demonstrate how an improved constituent quark mass function can enforce the correct magnetic field dependence of the deconfinement temperature in an effective model, as observed in Lattice QCD calculations.
Highlights
Magnetic fields provide an interesting handle to probe QCD properties under extreme conditions [1,2,3,4,5]
Investigating its influences in the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is important for understanding the physics of noncentral heavy-ion collisions [6,7,8,9,10], the bulk properties of high-field neutron stars [11,12] and possibly the early Universe [13]
Lattice simulations [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22] performed for light quarks predict that the chiral condensate in vacuum is enhanced by the presence of a magnetic field B, a phenomenon known as magnetic catalysis [14,16,17,18], and that the critical temperature for the chiral phase transition is decreasing with B, i.e., inverse magnetic catalysis [15,16,18,20,21,22]
Summary
Magnetic fields provide an interesting handle to probe QCD properties under extreme conditions [1,2,3,4,5]. Even in full QCD, they provide a measure for the strength of explicit Z(3) symmetry breaking field induced by the light fermions, and show less renormalization scheme dependence than the Polyakov loop [38,39] To describe these fluctuations in an effective model, the location, and the curvatures around the minima of the Polyakov loop potential have to be adjusted. In our approach the effect of dynamical quarks is modeled by a linear Z(3) breaking term, coupled to the Polyakov loop This term becomes Landau-quantized when finite magnetic field is present. How the use of an improved constituent quark mass function can produce instead the trend of a decreasing deconfinement transition temperature with B
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