Decolorization of batik naphthol dye by local ligninolytic fungal isolates

Abstract

Batik is very well-known in Indonesia. There are many centers of batik industries in Java. Meanwhile in Sumatera, mainly in North Sumatera we could find some home industries of batik, known as Sumatran batik. Those home industries often discharge the untreated liquid water into the streams. The main component of liquid waste containing dyes including naphthol is hardly decomposed and carcinogen. Four fungal isolates designated as TB01, TB04, TB06 and ZN01 were studied for their abilities on naphthol decolorization on agar medium containing 50 ppm of naphthol dye as the sole carbon source. Among four isolates, TB04 and TB06 showed the best growth and were selected for quantitative analysis of naphthol decolorization. Both isolates were grown in minimal salt medium with 50 ppm of naphthol as the carbon source, 25% of urea, 0.2% of glucose at pH 4.0. The best condition for naphthol decolorization was pH 4.0 with addition of 0.2% of glucose and 25% of urea which reduced the color up to 61.4% by TB04 and 79.01% by TB 06 in shaking culture. Meanwhile in static culture, TB04 reduced the color of naphthol by 41.97% while TB06 was 53.45%. It seems that the decolorization process was initiated by naphthol absorption by the fungal mycelia followed by degradation of the dye.