Abstract
Azo dyes are the largest and the most diverse group of synthetic dyes widely used in many industries, which are generally recalcitrant to biodegradation due to their xenobiotic nature. The effective treatment of azo dye wastewaters has been a big challenge, and up to now there is no single and economically attractive treatment that can effectively decolorize dyes. However, notable achievements have been conducted to explore the accelerating effects of different redox mediators during the anaerobic decolorization and degradation of azo dyes over the last two decades. The accumulated evidence suggest that redox mediators play a major role of electron shuttles in the reductive decolorization of azo dyes, both by chemical and biological mechanisms. This review is focused on the bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes catalyzed by redox mediators and the further investigation to enhance the applicability of redox mediators on the bio-transformation of azo dyes.
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