Abstract
The present study was aimed to test the ability of Penicillium citrinum MTCC 8009, Aspergillusterreus MTCC 3006, Bacillus cohnii and their consortia to decolorize basic violet dye. Different parameters such as initial dye concentration, dye to inoculum ratio and period of incubation were studied for the decolourization of the dye. The developed fungal-bacterial consortia exhibited maximum percent decolorization (92%) ability when compared to the treatment of dyes by individual microbes. Percent decolorization of basic violet dye (92%) was more efficient using fungal-bacterial (Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus cohnii) consortia than with individual cultures. Phyto-toxicity results indicated that bacterial-fungal consortia (Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus cohnii) treatment was believed to degrade the dyes to non-toxic intermediates. The FTIR analysis also revealed that decolorization of basic violet dyes was due to its degradation.
Highlights
Dyes are coloured substances, which are used along with a mordant to impart colour to fibres
Phyto-toxicity results indicated that bacterial-fungal consortia (Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus cohnii) treatment was believed to degrade the dyes to non-toxic intermediates
After decolorization of basic violet dye, the fungal mycelia were removed by filtration through Whatman filter paper no.1 while bacterial cells were removed by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 20 min
Summary
Dyes are coloured substances, which are used along with a mordant to impart colour to fibres. An enhanced degradation and detoxification of the textile dyes could be possible with the synergetic actions of fungi and bacteria consortia which provide a better alternative technology for the removal of pollutants in the water [7,17,23]. Fungi despite of its slower growth rate is known to secrete various extra cellular enzymes like manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase and laccase which are non-specific to the dye molecules. These enzymes upon acting on the dye deforms the dye structure thereby reducing its toxicity. Fungal-bacterial consortia system could be further exploited in depth for the eco-friendly remediation of the textile effluents
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