Abstract
Globally, over 768 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths had been documented as of July 17, 2023. Coronaviruses have a relatively large RNA genome. As with other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 does have an envelope film produced from host cells that are assisted by virally encoded glycoproteins that are required for infectivity, immunological assault, and viral particle production. Although the intermediate source of origin and transmission to humans is unexplained, rapid transmission from human to human has been established. This review focuses on the mechanistic framework for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additionally, it discusses the origins and implications of COVID-19 using direct quotations from the published scientific literature to avoid misinterpretation of this catastrophic event that resulted in a massive loss of human life and impact on the global economy. The current available information unfolds large number of topics related with COVID-19 and/or the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible of the disease. This review article also delves into the multifaceted aspects of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with a specific focus on a controversial yet essential issue: the possible association between SARS-CoV-2's origin and aldose reductase, an enzyme known for its role in diabetic retinopathy. Exploring this connection holds utmost significance, offering valuable insights into COVID-19's pathogenesis and unlocking new avenues for therapeutic interventions. It is important to trace back the evolution of coronaviruses and reveal the possible origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Published Version
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