Abstract
The paper presents the concept of emotional and decisional forgiveness proposed by Worthington et al. (Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 291–302, 2007) and employing the Polish versions of the Decision to Forgive Scale and Emotional Forgiveness Scale developed in line with this theory. Both scales are tools measuring episodic forgiveness is forgiveness for a specific transgression that is made once. Decisional forgiveness is a declaration to forgive, whereas emotional forgiveness is a “change of heart”. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structure of the Polish scales is exactly the same as of the original tools, i.e., in case of the DTFS, a one-factor solution (CFI = .998, GFI = .990, RMSEA = .042), and in case of the EFS, a two-factor solution (CFI = .987; GFI = .984; RMSEA = .051). The Polish versions of the DTFS and EFS were significantly correlated with other tools of forgiveness (TRIM-18 – episodic forgiveness and HFS– dispositional forgiveness).
Highlights
Psychologists have continued to discuss the fundamental dimensions of forgiveness, they all agree that forgiveness engages a positive psychological change toward the offender (McCullough et al 2006)
The aim of this study is to present the process of adaptation of the Decision to Forgive Scale (DTFS; Davis et al 2015) and the Emotional Forgiveness Scale (EFS; Hook et al 2012) to be able to use it in a Polish sample
External Validity We examined the correlation between the DTFS and EFS subscales and other variables, such as positive and negative affect, psychological well-being, ruminative and reflective thinking for to assess the external validity of DTFS and EFS
Summary
Psychologists have continued to discuss the fundamental dimensions of forgiveness, they all agree that forgiveness engages a positive psychological change toward the offender (McCullough et al 2006). The shift takes place in cognition (Thompson et al 2005), emotions (Malcolm and Greenberg 2000), motivations (McCullough et al 1997), or behaviors (Dorn et al 2014). Worthington described two kind of forgiveness: decisional – a decision to control person’s behaviors toward the transgressor, and multifaceted emotional - involving modified emotions, and cognition and motivations (see Exline et al 2003; Worthington et al 2007). Decisional and emotional forgiveness constitute various processes resulting in various outcomes (Hook et al 2009). Decisional forgiveness, it might reduce hostility and lead to reconciliation, does not necessarily reduce stress responses (Worthington et al 2007). Antecedents, these two distinct types of forgiveness should be measured separately and directly
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