Deciduomal reaction induced in rhesus monkeys by tubal injection of arachis oil and by the presence of an intrauterine device.

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In the rhesus monkey a deciduomal reaction has been induced by stimulating only the surface and glandular epithelium of the endometrium by injecting arachis oil through the Fallopian tubes into the uterine lumen. 16 mature naturally cyclic rhesus monkeys were used. 8 were fitted with a small plastic IUD. The endometrium was stimulated on Days 20 to 22 of the menstrual cycle by injecting 1 ml of arachis oil into the uterine lumen through a fine nylon cannula in each Fallopian tube. The animals were ovariectomized 4 to 8 days later and full thickness uterine biopsies taken. None of 4 untreated monkeys developed a deciduomal reaction. No deciduomal reaction occurred in 2 monkeys given 10 mg progesterone im daily during the treatment period to compensate for possible involution of the corpus luteum. The progesterone treatment however produced a pronounced deciduomal reaction in 2 monkeys having an IUD. Tubal injection of archais oil induced a slight deciduomal reaction in an otherwise untreated control animal but more extensive reactions developed when both control and IUD wearers were similarly stimulated and injected with progesterone. The presence of an IUD did not act as an additive stimulus to decidualization beyond that provided by the injection of the oil nor did it impair the reaction. In the cycles following insertion an IUD can only induce a decidual reaction if the monkey is also given progesterone. The deep glandular epithelium remained unaltered. Leukocytes were found beneath the deciduomal plaques of the IUD-wearing monkeys.