Decentralisation versus centralisation in Swedish energy policy: the main challenges and drivers for the energy transition at the regional and local levels

Abstract

The study presents recent trends in the development of energy policy and energy transition in Sweden. It uses a multi-level governance perspective to examine if decentralisation of this policy has always had a positive impact on the energy transition and what challenges and drivers for the energy transition can be observed in practice. The study is based on a survey addressed to representatives of the regions and municipalities which aims to explore the factors important for undertaking proactive clean energy policy at the regional and local levels. The results of the research confirm that a mix of centralisation and decentralisation together with a clear division of tasks can contribute to the effectiveness of the energy transition. However, the Swedish example also confirms that proper coordination in the multi-level governance system is a huge challenge, in particular when it comes to financial support and consultation.