Abstract
Regenerating the periodontal ligament (PDL) is a crucial factor for periodontal tissue regeneration in the presence of traumatized and periodontally damaged teeth. Various methods have been applied for periodontal regeneration, including tissue substitutes, bioactive materials, and synthetic scaffolds. However, all of these treatments have had limited success in structural and functional periodontal tissue regeneration. To achieve the goal of complete periodontal regeneration, many studies have evaluated the effectiveness of decellularized scaffolds fabricated via tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to fabricate a decellularized periodontal scaffold of human tooth slices and determine its regeneration potential. We evaluated two different protocols applied to tooth slices obtained from human healthy third molars. The extracellular matrix scaffold decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, which are effective in removing nuclear components, was demonstrated to preserve an intact structure and composition. Furthermore, the decellularized scaffold could support repopulation of PDL stem cells near the cementum and expressed cementum and periodontal-ligament-related genes. These results show that decellularized PDL scaffolds of human teeth are capable of inducing the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, thus having regeneration potential for use in future periodontal regenerative tissue engineering.
Highlights
The regeneration of periodontal tissue is the aim of periodontal therapy to ensure the healing of traumatized teeth
As seen in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, disperse nuclei were evident for Protocol I (PI) (Fig 1A-b and 1A-e), while almost no nuclei were observed for Protocol II (PII) (Fig 1A-c and 1A-f)
scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that some Sharpey’s fibers had been removed, but they had retained their morphology in both the PI and PII groups compared to controls
Summary
The regeneration of periodontal tissue is the aim of periodontal therapy to ensure the healing of traumatized teeth. Several kinds of stem cells such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle precursor cells, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been evaluated for their usefulness in the regeneration of dental tissue[1,2,3,4]. Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue contains multipotent stem cells that exhibit a self-renewing capacity to differentiate into various types of cells to form PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone [5, 6].
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