Decay of Root Debris after Harvesting American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and Changes in Soil Chemistry and Microbiology

Abstract

Commercial harvesting of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) results in root debris in the soil, but the rate of decay is unknown. In this study, post-harvest root debris decayed mostly over the fall and winter, with almost no ginseng debris remaining in the soil by late spring of the following year. However, a small number of intact pencil-shaped roots were able to survive after harvest and sprout the following spring without any evidence of root decay. Root rot lesions were observed, which included many associated with the root rot pathogen Ilyonectria mors-panacis, with disappearing root rot symptoms observed in the following spring. Ginsenosides in soil were highest just prior to harvest, declining until an increase the following spring. Soil bacterial and fungal populations changed over time after harvest with several peaks in bacterial populations mostly in the fall, but this was less clear for fungal populations, which were dominated by only a few taxa. Harvesting ginseng can leave considerable debris in the soil, impacting its chemistry and microbiota. Ginseng replant disease, where the second crop shows high levels of root rot due to I. mors-panacis infection compared to low levels in the first crop, could be related to the decay of post-harvest crop debris, but additional research is needed to demonstrate this.