Abstract
Abstract Genus Rosa (Rosaceae) has a base chromosome number of x = 7. Ploidy levels of wild species range from 2n= 2x= 14 to 2n= 8x=56. In this paper, one decaploid, the highest naturally occurring ploidy never reported before in the genus was detected in the karyological study of an endemic wild species, R. praelucens Byhouwer to Zhongdian Plateau, Yunnan, China. Its karyotype formula was 2n=10x=70=2st+6sm+62m and the karyotype was 2B. Chromosome No. 6 was subterminal. Chromosome No. 15, No. 22 and No. 23 were submedian. According to its karyomorphology, R. praelucens derived not from auto polyploidization directly but from inter-specific hybridization. Polyploidization and inter-species hybridization both might have played important roles in the origin of R. praelucens associated with effect of high altitude environment. Further research on this species is warranted to provide helpful evidences to understand the differentiation and evolution of the Genus Rosa, and even clues to trace the process of spec...
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