Abstract
Fluctuations or variations in climatic parameters is a recurring phenomenon in India. The effects of climate variability exacerbate existing social and economic encounters across the area. Over the last 115 years, the rainfall patterns in India have changed significantly. The most significant change is the shifting of the monsoon season altogether. This study aims to discuss the significant changes of rainfall pattern and their influence in Sikkim state, India. Daily rainfall data of 115 years from 1901 to 2015 has been processed in the study to find out the monthly variability of rainfall for which Mann-Kendall (MK) Test together with the Sen's Slope Estimator for the determination of trend and slope magnitude. Monthly precipitation trend has been identified here to achieve the objective, which has been shown with 115 years of data. The Mann–Kendall test and Sen's estimation tests indicated significant changing patterns in the frequency and intensity of the rainfall across the Sikkim in an intra-decadal time series domain. It has been noted in this study that the Sikkim region observed drastic rainfall pattern changes after 2001, because of which there was an increase in disasters like landslides and floods., This study also used inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method and reclassify tool to produce the maps for identifying the pattern and region that caused more rainfall. NDVI (Vegetation Index) has also shown the drastic changes in south Sikkim of vegetation due to decreased rainfall, urbanisation. NDVI values gradually risefrom spring to rainy season and fall steadily from autumn to winter.
Published Version
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