Abstract
This paper analyzes the potential impact of implementing demand response strategies in a power system. This work aims to present a methodology to evaluate three demand response models to reduce frequency variations in the system. The method starts with the modeling of the system load and the demand response strategies. The power loads are modeled through active power and reactive power measurements in the system's different buses. A data-driven methodology is proposed to obtain three profiles that simulate residential, commercial, and industrial users' behavior. Mathematical modeling is proposed for demand response strategies. Time of Use tariff, Solar PV Distributed Generation, and Load Curtailment are the strategies used for residential, commercial, and industrial users, respectively. A brand-new combination of scenarios is developed in this paper with different penetration levels of the demand response strategy. Besides, a novel analysis of the frequency profile is performed for the proposed scenarios. A modified IEEE-39 power system is proposed, adjusting generation and demand using the Colombian demand profile and the generating units' energy mix. The results indicate that the implementation of demand response strategies improves the system's frequency profile. The frequency drop was reduced by 11.4 %, and power generator units released up to 2.1 GWh through the day with the implementation of the DR strategies.
Highlights
The integration of new technologies into distribution networks, like distributed energy resources (DER) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), has allowed to modernized and dynamic network operation
The results show that the demand response (DR) strategy’s higher penetration leads to decreased frequency variations in the system
The frequency profile is flattened by the deployment of the residential DR strategy
Summary
The integration of new technologies into distribution networks, like distributed energy resources (DER) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), has allowed to modernized and dynamic network operation. The AMI devices allow developing demand response (DR) programs to improve the system’s performance at a distribution level, significantly contributing to the power system’s daily operation as ancillary services or reducing the uncertainty on-demand forecast [2]. Some incentives were offered to customers from the system operator (SO) to reduce the uncertainty in demand fluctuations. This uncertainty could reduce disturbances and increase the power grid’s reliability and develop a modern power grid called the smart grid [3]. To develop DR in the electricity market was necessary to include information and communication technology (ICT) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) to promote the exchange of information and to analyses customer behavior [4]
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