Abstract

The Data Timed Sending (DTS) protocol contributes to the energy savings in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and prolongs the sensor nodes’ battery lifetime. DTS saves energy by transmitting short packets, without data payload, from the sensor nodes to the base station or the cluster head according to the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduling. Placing the short packets into appropriate slots and subslots in the TDMA frames transfers the information about the measured values and node identity. This paper presents the proof of concept of the proposed DTS protocol and provides verification of the energy savings using the QualNet®; communication simulation platform (QualNet) and the SunTM Small Programmable Object Technology (Sun SPOT) testbed platform (for single hop and multi hop scenarios). The simulations and the testbed measurements confirm that the DTS protocol can provide energy savings up to 30% when compared with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in unslotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) mode at 2.4 GHz frequency band.

Highlights

  • The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an important tool for gathering information in all areas of the human life

  • The simulations and the testbed measurements confirm that the Data Timed Sending (DTS) protocol can provide energy savings up to 30% when compared with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in unslotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) mode at 2.4 GHz frequency band

  • Simulations show that DTS protocol consumes approximately 30% less energy than IEEE 802.15.4 unslotted CSMA-CA protocol, and energy savings do not depend on the total number of remote sensor nodes

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Summary

Introduction

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an important tool for gathering information in all areas of the human life. Changing or recharging the batteries on remote nodes is a difficult, time-consuming and expensive task It is very important for the WSNs to reduce the amount of energy consumption in each node, which in turn extends the network lifetime and reduces the number of the necessary interventions. The Data-Timed Sending (DTS) protocol improves the energy efficiency in WSNs by usage of short packets without data payload. The evaluation in [23] was carried out only on the basis of C++ simulation about single hop scenario This paper presents both simulation and practical testbed results about the energy savings of the DTS protocol in multi hop topology when compared to the unslotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance.

DTS Protocol
DTS in Single Hop Topology
DTS in Multi Hop Topology
Power Consumption
Distribution of Power Consumption
GHz Unslotted CSMA-CA
A T T TrCCA
TStRX N AvBackTCCA TSndUn
Power Consumption of DTS
Energy Consumption Challenges
Simulation Scenario
Simulation Architecture and Scenario
Simulation Results
Testbed Platform
Testbed Architecture and Scenario
Low PAN battery voltage reading every 5 minutes
Testbed Results
Conclusion

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