Data Ontology, Data Science and the Datafication of the World

In an era of increasing dis- and misinformation, particularly in relation to social and natural crises like climate change, it is vital that geography students can decipher legitimate, high-quality scientific data from falsehoods to solve relevant problems. In students’ education, geography teachers have a central role. We conducted an empirical study on German university geography education Bachelor students to better understand their scientific data awareness – their general understanding of what scientific data are, where they come from, and how to discern data quality – to determine how best we can support them in gaining (and ultimately teaching) skills to critically evaluate data. In their responses to an online survey, participants recognized their data usage within scientific and academic settings, but their perception of scientific geographic data in their daily lives was limited. Many respondents also displayed an inability to clearly articulate exactly how they would evaluate and verify data presented to them. Some individuals also indicated a strong inherent trust in scientific data – associating scientific data with “truth” and “fact”. We provide recommendations on how to teach geography students to use scientific data and enhance scientific data awareness, but ultimately demonstrate a need for further studies. This work can benefit the creation of new educational modules that can teach students 1) that scientific geographical data are everywhere in our daily lives and 2) how they can critically determine data quality and analyze data found online and through generative artificial intelligence.

This report was released at the "The 7th China Scientific Data Conference" on October 11, 2021. This is the conference report delivered by Prof. Zhou Yuanchun at this conference. The report mainly analyzes the main characteristics and requirements of scientific big data, and focuses on the high-throughput scientific big data pipeline technology and system, the fusion management technology and system of large-scale multivariate and heterogeneous scientific data, the big data management and processing in supporting disciplines, scientific data publishing & sharing and other practices. Finally, this report discusses the future development from the following aspects：open sharing and data security, independence and leadership of scientific data software, and it supports for scientific research innovation under the new paradigm.

This report was released by Prof. Zhou Yuanchun at the 27th China Computer Agricultural Applications Symposium. The report mainly analyzes the main characteristics and requirements of scientific big data, and focuses on the high-throughput scientific big data pipeline technology and system, the fusion management technology and system of large-scale multivariate and heterogeneous scientific data, the big data management and processing in supporting disciplines, scientific data publishing & sharing and other practices. Finally, this report discusses the future development from the following aspects：open sharing and data security, independence and leadership of scientific data software, and it supports for scientific research innovation under the new paradigm.

To develop consensus-driven statements on various domains of smoldering MS: definition, onset, underlying pathology, clinical and radiological manifestations, and modalities to detect smoldering disease in clinical practice. A deeper understanding of smoldering disease will optimize clinical management, foster drug discovery through identification of novel targets and help pwMS understand reasons for their decline.

With the recent explosive increase in the amount of web-based scientific data in big data environments, various researcher support systems have been developed to help discover desired scientific data and search insights. Scientific and researcher-related data are also applied to social networking services, thus promoting inter-researcher networking. However, much time and effort is put into big data mining to extract information customized to researchers’ specific needs. Moreover, systems that facilitate information extraction by schematizing various inter-data relationships are absent. In this paper, we propose a system that facilitates relevant information extraction from scientific data and provides intuitive data visualization. Such data visualization allows efficient relationship expression between scientific data (relationships between researchers, acronyms and technical terms, and synonyms of a technology name), and provides an author disambiguation interface for authors with the same name. As a result, researchers can extract relevant information from big data with scientific data, and obtain significant information based on cleansed and disambiguated data.

Real-world data on eculizumab treatment in NMOSD: high efficacy and potential challenges (P13-5.017)

Data science is concerned with the extraction of knowledge and insight, and ultimately societal or economic value, from data. It complements traditional statistics in that its object is data as it presents itself in the wild (often complex and heterogeneous, noisy, loosely structured, biased, etc.), rather than well-structured data sampled in carefully designed studies. It also has a strong computer science focus, and is related to popular areas such as big data, machine learning, data mining and knowledge discovery. Data science is becoming increasingly important with the abundance of big data, while the number of skilled data scientists is lagging. This has raised the question as to whether it is possible to automate data science in several contexts. First, from an artificial intelligence perspective, it is interesting to investigate whether (data) science (or portions of it) can be automated, as it is an activity currently requiring high levels of human expertise. Second, the field of machine learning has a long-standing interest in applying machine learning at the meta-level, in order to obtain better machine learning algorithms, yielding recent successes in automated parameter tuning, algorithm configuration and algorithm selection. Third, there is an interest in automating not only the model building process itself (cf. the Automated Statistician) but also in automating the preprocessing steps (data wrangling). This Dagstuhl seminar brought together researchers from all areas concerned with data science in order to study whether, to what extent, and how data science can be automated.

Data science skills are essential for advancing knowledge of health inequities in marginalized and medically underserved populations. As of 2021 there were no programs in data science in the Tribal Colleges and Universities in North Dakota and the neighboring states. The Virtual Indigenous Data Science Academy was established in 2021 by the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences in collaboration with three North Dakota Tribal Colleges to introduce Indigenous students to the core elements of data science. The Virtual Indigenous Data Science Academy teaching faculty designed, developed, delivered, and evaluated a culturally-informed online synchronous summer program consisting of ten learning modules. The Virtual Indigenous Data Science Academy was delivered synchronously over three consecutive summers (2022-2024) to a total of 48 Tribal college students with diverse backgrounds and academic interests. More than 70% of student participants met the skills-based learning objectives of the Academy. Results of the summer program student evaluations demonstrated higher than average ratings of satisfaction with the instruction. The VIDS Academy represents a promising model for the delivery of instruction in data science and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics-related fields that address the local workforce and healthcare needs of Tribal communities.

<h3>Objective:</h3> To report 4-year efficacy and safety data from the ENSEMBLE trial (NCT03085810) of ocrelizumab (OCR) in patients with early-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). <h3>Background:</h3> Early and sustained treatment of MS with high-efficacy therapy reduces the risk of long-term disease progression. ENSEMBLE is a multicenter, open-label, single-arm Phase IIIb study, evaluating the efficacy and safety of OCR in patients with early-stage RRMS. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> At the time of enrollment, eligible patients were treatment naive, aged 18–55 years, had an active early-stage RRMS with a disease duration ≤3 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤3.5 and ≥1 clinically reported relapse(s) or ≥1 signs of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity (T1-weighted contrast-enhancing lesions or new/enlarging T2-weighted lesions, with MRI measurements rebaselined at W8) in the prior 12 months. Patients received OCR 600 mg every 24 weeks for 192 weeks. Key endpoints were no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-3 (defined as no relapses, no 24-week [W] confirmed disability progression [CDP] and no MRI activity), annualized relapse rate (ARR), mean change in EDSS score from baseline (BL) and safety. <h3>Results:</h3> BL characteristics (N=678) were consistent with early-stage RRMS (patients ≤40 years with a median age of 31.0 years; duration since MS symptom onset, 0.78 years; duration since RRMS diagnosis, 0.24 years; mean BL EDSS score [SD], 1.71 [0.95]). At W192, the majority of patients had NEDA (n=394/593, 66.4%), 85.0% had no MRI activity, 90.9% had no relapses and 81.8% had no 24W-CDP. Adjusted ARR at W192 was low, 0.020 (95% CI, 0.015–0.027). No new or unexpected safety signals were observed. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Disease activity based on clinical and MRI measures was minimal in most patients treated with ocrelizumab over 4 years in the ENSEMBLE study. Safety was consistent with the known profile of ocrelizumab, with no new signals. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi/Genzyme. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech/Roche. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Viela Bio. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck Serono. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Astra Zeneca. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for LabCorp. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Bermel has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Bermel has received research support from Roche. The institution of Dr. Bermel has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Bermel has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BMS Celgene. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Geneuro. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bayer. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Frontiers Neurology. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for celgene. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for jansen. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for biogen. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for novartis. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for merck. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for biogen. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for celgene. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bristol Meyers Squibb. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Brystal Mier Squibb. Dr. Benedict has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for EMD Serono. The institution of Dr. Benedict has received research support from Genzyme. The institution of Dr. Benedict has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Benedict has received research support from Bristol Myer Squib. Dr. Benedict has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Prof. Berger has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a speaker at scientific meetings and participant of local and international advisory boards with various companies producing and markerting treatments for multiple sclerosis (Almirall, Biogen, Biologix, Bionorica, Celgene-BMS, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, TG Therapeutics, UCB). William M. Carroll, MBBS, MD, FRACP has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen IDEC. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech/Roche. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Siranax. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Celgene. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bristol Meyers Squib. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Viela Bios. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Rocky Mountain MS Center. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Actelion. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Genentech/Roche. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Anokion. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from TG Therapeutics. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Norwegian MS Society. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Dr. Karabudak has nothing to disclose. Joep Killestein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nos has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.. Dr. Patti has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Meyers and Squibb Merck, Roche, Sanofi, TEVA. Dr. Patti has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for University of Catania and AISM/FISM, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Horizon. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for celgene. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen . Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for F Hoffmann La Roche. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck Serono. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Wuerfel has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of MIAC AG. The institution of Dr. Wuerfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Actelion. The institution of Dr. Wuerfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. The institution of Dr. Wuerfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Thomas Kunzel has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Roche. Karen Kadner has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Inessa Kulyk has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Roche. Inessa Kulyk has stock in Roche. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Actelion(Janssen/J&amp;J). Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BiogenIdec. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BMS/Celgene. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Inc. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Actelion (Janssen/J&amp;J). Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Atara Biotherapeutics. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bayer Healthcare. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for BiogenIdec. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Clene Nanomedicine. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for GRI Bio. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Magenta Therapeutics. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck Serono. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for EMD Serono. The institution of Dr. Freedman has received research support from Sanofi Genzyme.

To identify immune-response signatures in the blood of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients predictive for clinical disease trajectories and supporting personalized treatment decisions based on pathobiological principles.

Efficacy subgroup analyses from the phase 3 CHAMPION-NMOSD trial in adults with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (S5.003)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess patient preference for conventional (CON) or shorter (SHORT) infusion post unblinding of the ENSEMBLE PLUS study. <h3>Background:</h3> Shortening the infusion duration of ocrelizumab to 2 hours reduces total site stay. Previous infusion-related reactions (IRRs) are a risk factor for future IRRs. Identification of specific symptoms, potential risk factors during infusions, was investigated in ENSEMBLE PLUS. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> ENSEMBLE PLUS was a randomized, double-blind substudy to ENSEMBLE (NCT03085810). Ocrelizumab (600 mg) administered over the approved 3.5-hour infusion time (CON) was compared with a 2-hour infusion (SHORT). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with IRRs at first randomized dose (RD). Risk factors were assessed for development of IRRs. Patients could switch between CON/SHORT infusion post unblinding. <h3>Results:</h3> Within 24 hours of first RD, 27.1% (CON: n=101/373) versus 28.8% (SHORT: n=107/372) of patients had IRRs. Most IRRs (CON 100%; SHORT 97.2%) were mild or moderate (Grade 1 or 2);none were Grade 4 or 5 IRRs. No IRR-related discontinuations occurred. The proportion of patients with throat irritation as an IRR symptom was 23.1% (CON) and 33.0% (SHORT) in patients with ≥1 throat irritation before first RD; in patients with no throat irritation before first RD, the proportion was 5.3% (CON) and 5.4% (SHORT). Patient migraine/headache history did not correlate with IRR development. Post unblinding, 79.7% patients switched to SHORT infusion from CON, and 94.6% patients stayed on SHORT infusion. Treating neurologists frequently attempted minor adaptations of pre-medication timing/regimen without substantially affecting IRR incidence. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Previous IRRs may be a risk factor for future IRRs but are not influenced by shorter infusion time. Pre-randomization throat irritation was predictive of developing throat irritation as an IRR symptom, however migraines were not. Most patients remained on/moved to SHORT infusion after unblinding. Overall, IRRs did not strongly influence patient decisions. Most pre-medication changes had no impact on IRR incidence. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi/Genzyme. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech/Roche. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Viela Bio. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck Serono. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Astra Zeneca. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for LabCorp. Dr. Bermel has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Bermel has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Bermel has received research support from Roche. The institution of Dr. Bermel has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Bermel has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Joep Killestein has nothing to disclose. Prof. Berger has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a speaker at scientific meetings and participant of local and international advisory boards with various companies producing and markerting treatments for multiple sclerosis (Almirall, Biogen, Biologix, Bionorica, Celgene-BMS, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, TG Therapeutics, UCB). Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for celgene. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for jansen. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for biogen. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for novartis. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for merck. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for biogen. Prof. Brochet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for celgene. William M. Carroll, MBBS, MD, FRACP has nothing to disclose. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Actelion(Janssen/J&amp;J). Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BiogenIdec. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BMS/Celgene. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Inc. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Actelion (Janssen/J&amp;J). Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Atara Biotherapeutics. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bayer Healthcare. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for BiogenIdec. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Clene Nanomedicine. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for GRI Bio. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Magenta Therapeutics. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck Serono. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Freedman has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for EMD Serono. The institution of Dr. Freedman has received research support from Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Norwegian MS Society. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Holmoy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Dr. Karabudak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nos has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.. Dr. Patti has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Meyers and Squibb Merck, Roche, Sanofi, TEVA. Dr. Patti has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for University of Catania and AISM/FISM, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Horizon. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Ms. Perrin Ross has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for celgene. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen . Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for F Hoffmann La Roche. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck Serono. Dr. Vanopdenbosch has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi Genzyme. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen IDEC. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech/Roche. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Siranax. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Celgene. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bristol Meyers Squib. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Viela Bios. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Rocky Mountain MS Center. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Actelion. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Genentech/Roche. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from Anokion. The institution of Dr. Vollmer has received research support from TG Therapeutics. Dr. Buffels has nothing to disclose. Karen Kadner has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Dr. Bortolami has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Roche. Dr. Bortolami has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Statistical Reviewer with Emergency Medicine Journal. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BMS Celgene. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Geneuro. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bayer. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Frontiers Neurology.

To report efficacy and safety of ravulizumab in anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder AQP4+ NMOSD.

Pregnancy Outcomes and Disease Course in NMOSD and MOGAD in CANOPTICS (N2.002)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The study's aim was to assess the impact of early-stage relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). <h3>Background:</h3> Number of relapses, disability progression, and symptomatology can reduce RRMS patients' HRQoL. However, limited information is available in early-stage patients. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A multicentre, non-interventional study was conducted. Adult patients with RRMS diagnosis, disease duration ≤3 years, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0–5.5 were included. The 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), SymptoMScreen (SyMS), 8-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI-8), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), 23-item Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ-23), and EDSS were used to assess HRQoL, symptom severity, perception of stigma, depression and anxiety, fatigue, workplace barriers, and disability, respectively. Outcome measures associations were analyzed using Pearson correlation. <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 189 patients were included (mean age: 36.1±9.4 years, 71.4% female, mean disease duration: 1.4±0.8 years, median EDSS: 1.0 [IQR: 0–2]). Mean physical and psychological MSIS-29 sub-scores were 29.2±11.3 and 17.2±6.6, respectively. Mean SyMS score was highest for fatigue (1.6±1.4). Stigma prevalence was 56.6% (n=107/189) and 24.9% (n=47/189) of patients were probable anxiety cases. Physical and psychological MSIS-29 showed a significant correlation between them (rho=0.702, p&lt;0.0001). Physical MSIS-29 subscale showed strong significant correlations with symptom severity, fatigue, and workplace barriers (rho=0.822, 0.778, 0.725, respectively, all p&lt;0.0001). Psychological MSIS-29 subscale showed strong significant correlations with anxiety, depression, symptom severity, workplace barriers, and fatigue (rho=0.817, 0.791, 0.759, 0.722, 0.716, respectively, all p&lt;0.0001). Symptom severity and workplace barriers were both strongly correlated with fatigue (rho=0.800, 0.774, respectively, p&lt;0.0001). Stigma was moderately correlated with both MSIS-29 subscales (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> RRMS can affect patients' HRQoL even in early stages of the disease. Evaluating symptomatology impact at disease onset can help clinicians discerning when to apply early interventions, improving patient care and patients' well-being. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen. Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bristol-Myers Squibb. The institution of Dr. Castillo-Trivino has received research support from Basque Government. Ms. Gómez has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Roche Farma Spain, Medical Department. Mrs. Borges Guerra has nothing to disclose. Jesus Manuel Martin Martinez has nothing to disclose. Mr. Sotoca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bayer. Mr. Sotoca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Mr. Sotoca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. Mr. Sotoca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Mr. Sotoca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Mr. Sotoca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen. Dr. Alonso Torres has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Janssen. Dr. Alonso Torres has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen. Dr. Alonso Torres has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Caminero Rodriguez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Borrega Canelo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanchez Menoyo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Dr. Sanchez Menoyo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi. Dr. Sanchez Menoyo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Sanchez Menoyo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. Dr. Sanchez Menoyo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Barrero-Hernandez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Calles has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi, Biogen, Roche, Teva, Novartis, Merck. Dr. Calles has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi, Teva, Biogen, Roche, Novartis, Merck. Dr. Brieva Ruiz has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for All comercial companies interested in Multiple Sclerosis. Dr. Brieva Ruiz has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Al comercial companies in Multiple Sclerosis. The institution of Dr. Brieva Ruiz has received research support from Carlos III Institut. Madrid. Spain.. Rosario Blasco Quilez has nothing to disclose. JULIO DOTOR GARCÍA-SOTO has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck . JULIO DOTOR GARCÍA-SOTO has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck, Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Almirall, Teva, UCB, Novartis. Maria Campo Amigo has nothing to disclose. Laura Navarro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Laura Navarro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen idec. Laura Navarro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Aguera Morales has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. Dr. Aguera Morales has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis . Dr. Aguera Morales has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Aguera Morales has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Aguera Morales has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen. Mr. Garces Redondo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Mr. Garces Redondo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi. Mr. Garces Redondo has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Almirall. Mr. Garces Redondo has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Carmona has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for MERCK. Dr. Carmona has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for BIOGEN . Mrs. Laura has nothing to disclose. Lucía Forero has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Lucía Forero has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche . Mariona Hervas Pujol has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi, Merk, Bayer, Biogen, Almirall. Miss López-Laiz has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Roche Farma España. Jorge Maurino has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Roche Pharma Spain, Medical Department. Susana Sainz de la Maza has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme.